{"id":9189,"date":"2026-07-13T10:58:46","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T01:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/?p=9189"},"modified":"2026-07-13T10:58:46","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T01:58:46","slug":"confounding-variable-methods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/confounding-variable-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ea4\u7d61\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3069\u3046\u3059\u308b\uff1f\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u6bd4\u8f03"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u5c0e\u5165<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u524d\u56de\u306f\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u884c\u697d\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br>\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u884c\u697d\u3068\u6c17\u3065\u3044\u305f\u969b\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308c\u3070\u826f\u3044\u304b\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><br>\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3048\u305a\u5168\u90e8\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-data-driven-knowledgebase wp-block-embed-data-driven-knowledgebase\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/confounding-in-data-analysis\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u30de\u30c3\u30d7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u624b\u6cd5<\/td><td>\u5c64\u5225\u89e3\u6790<\/td><td>\u591a\u5909\u91cf\u89e3\u6790<\/td><td>\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2<\/td><td>DAG<\/td><td>\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e00\u8a00\u8aac\u660e<\/td><td>\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u3067\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3066\u5206\u6790<\/td><td>\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u3092\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308b<\/td><td>\u51e6\u7f6e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u6bd4\u8f03<\/td><td>\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u6574\u7406<\/td><td>\u5272\u308a\u4ed8\u3051\u3092\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u3057\u3066\u4ea4\u7d61\u3092\u9632\u3050<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5411\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u9762<\/td><td>\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u304c1~2\u500b<\/td><td>\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u30fb\u56de\u5e30\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5168\u822c<\/td><td>\u533b\u7642\u30fb\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf<\/td><td>\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d<\/td><td>\u5b9f\u9a13\u8a2d\u8a08\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5834\u5408<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u5404\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u89e3\u8aac<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"swl-fz u-fz-l\">\u5c64\u5225\u89e3\u6790<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u304b<\/strong><br>\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u3092\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3002<strong><br>\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b<\/strong><br>\u5e74\u9f62\u304c\u4ea4\u7d61\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u300120\u4ee3\u300130\u4ee3\u300140\u4ee3\u3001\u3001\u3068\u5206\u3051\u3066\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>\u2192\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u898b\u308b\u3068\u76f8\u95a2\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5c64\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6d88\u3048\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4ea4\u7d61\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30f3\u3002<strong><br>\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong><br>\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3067\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044<strong><br>\u30c7\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong><br>\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3068\u5206\u5272\u3057\u304d\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b<strong><br>\u3069\u3093\u306a\u5834\u9762\u3067<\/strong><br>\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u304c1~2\u500b\u306b\u7d5e\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"swl-fz u-fz-l\">\u591a\u5909\u91cf\u89e3\u6790<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u304b<\/strong><br>\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u3092\u5171\u5909\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u95a2\u5fc3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5909\u6570\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3002<strong><br>\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b<\/strong><br>Y = \u03b2\u2080 + \u03b2\u2081X + \u03b2\u2082Z(Z=\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50)\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u56de\u5e30\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u7d44\u3080\u3002<br> \u2192Z\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067X\u3060\u3051\u306e\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<strong><br>\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong><br>\u8907\u6570\u306e\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u304d\u308b<strong><br>\u30c7\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong><br>\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a(\u7dda\u5f62\u6027\u306a\u3069)\u304c\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u305f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u6b6a\u3080<strong><br>\u3069\u3093\u306a\u5834\u9762\u3067<\/strong><br>\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u30fb\u56de\u5e30\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5168\u822c\u3002\u7279\u5fb4\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5165\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304c\u57fa\u672c\u5bfe\u51e6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"swl-fz u-fz-l\">\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u304b<\/strong><br>\u300c\u51e6\u7f6e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u78ba\u7387(\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2)\u300d\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u304c\u8fd1\u3044\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4ea4\u7d61\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304f<strong><br>\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b<\/strong><br>\u85ac\u3092\u98f2\u3093\u3060\u4eba\u3068\u98f2\u307e\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u4eba\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d\u3001\u5e74\u9f62\u30fb\u6027\u5225\u30fb\u91cd\u75c7\u5ea6\u306a\u3069\u304c\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u30da\u30a2\u306b\u3057\u3066\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b<strong><br>\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong><br>\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u3092\uff11\u3064\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u306b\u96c6\u7d04\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30fbRCT\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u6bd4\u8f03\u304c\u53ef\u80fd<strong><br>\u30c7\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong><br>\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u6b6a\u3080<strong><br>\u3069\u3093\u306a\u5834\u9762\u3067<\/strong><br>\u533b\u7642\u30fbRWD\u306a\u3069\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3002\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u9762<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"swl-fz u-fz-l\">DAG<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u304b<\/strong><br>\u5909\u6570\u9593\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u77e2\u5370\u3067\u56f3\u793a\u3057\u3001\u3069\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u3079\u304d\u304b\u30fb\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b<strong><br>\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b<\/strong><br>A\u2192B\u2192C\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u56f3\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001B\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304b\u3048\u3063\u3066\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b(\u5408\u6d41\u70b9)\u306a\u3069\u304c\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002<strong><br>\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong><br>\u95c7\u96f2\u306b\u5168\u5909\u6570\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u9632\u3052\u308b\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u8b70\u8ad6\u3067\u304d\u308b<strong><br>\u30c7\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong><br>DAG\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u66f8\u304f\u306b\u306f\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u5fc5\u8981<strong><br>\u3069\u3093\u306a\u5834\u9762\u3067<\/strong><br>\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6574\u7406\u30fb\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d\u3002\u591a\u5909\u91cf\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u524d\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"swl-fz u-fz-l\">\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316(RCT)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u304b<\/strong><br>\u5272\u308a\u4ed8\u3051\u3092\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u304c\u4e21\u7fa4\u306b\u5747\u7b49\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<strong><br>\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b<\/strong><br>\u85ac\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u3001\u304f\u3058\u5f15\u304d\u3067\u85ac\u3092\u98f2\u3080\u7fa4\u30fb\u98f2\u307e\u306a\u3044\u7fa4\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u3002\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5e74\u9f62\u30fb\u6027\u5225\u306a\u3069\u306e\u504f\u308a\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002<strong><br>\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong><br>\u4ea4\u7d61\u3092\u6839\u672c\u304b\u3089\u9632\u3052\u308b\u30fb\u6700\u3082\u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u5f37\u3044<strong><br>\u30c7\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong><br>\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u306f\u4f7f\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u502b\u7406\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3082\u591a\u3044\u3002<strong><br>\u3069\u3093\u306a\u5834\u9762\u3067<\/strong><br>\u5b9f\u9a13\u8a2d\u8a08\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3002\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u306f\u9069\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u306e\u57fa\u6e96<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"swl-fz u-fz-l\">\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u6570<\/span><\/strong><br>\u30fb1~2\u500b\u2192\u5c64\u5225\u89e3\u6790\u3067\u5341\u5206<br>\u30fb3\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u2192\u591a\u5909\u91cf\u89e3\u6790\u5316\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2<strong><span class=\"swl-fz u-fz-l\"><br>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u7a2e\u985e<\/span><\/strong><br>\u30fb\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u2192\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u304c\u6709\u52b9<br>\u30fb\u5b9f\u9a13\u8a2d\u8a08\u3067\u304d\u308b\u2192\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316\u304c\u6700\u5f37<strong><span class=\"swl-fz u-fz-l\"><br>\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/strong><br>\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u305f\u3044\u2192\u307e\u305aDAG\u3092\u63cf\u304f<br>\u30fb\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u305f\u3044\u2192\u591a\u5909\u91cf\u89e3\u6790\uff0bDAG\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u4ea4\u7d61\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5c64\u5225\u89e3\u6790\u30fb\u591a\u5909\u91cf\u89e3\u6790\u30fb\u50be\u5411\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u30fbDAG\u30fb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316\u306e\uff15\u3064\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br> \u300c\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3048\u305a\u5168\u90e8\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u9078\u3076\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5927\u5207\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u8ff7\u3063\u305f\u6642\u306f\u307e\u305aDAG\u3067\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u9069\u5207\u306a\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u9078\u3076\u6d41\u308c\u304c\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u5c0e\u5165 \u524d\u56de\u306f\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u884c\u697d\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u884c\u697d\u3068\u6c17\u3065\u3044\u305f\u969b\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308c\u3070\u826f\u3044\u304b\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u3068\u308a\u3042\u3048\u305a\u5168\u90e8\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f 2. \u5bfe\u51e6 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99,"featured_media":8395,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","swell_btn_cv_data":"","footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[1249],"tags":[39,26,419,35],"class_list":["post-9189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge","tag-39","tag-26","tag-419","tag-35"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9189","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/99"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9189"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9189\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9191,"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9189\/revisions\/9191"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9189"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/since2020.jp\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}